8 - wire data bus attention ready for data data accept data available serveice request interface clear remote enable end or identify 9-5.1 figure 1 . ieee-488 (hp-ib/gp-ib) bus configuration ieee-488 interface bus (hp-ib/gp-ib) in t he early 1970's, hewlett-packard came out with a standard bus (hp-ib) to help support their own laboratory measur ement equipment product lines, which later was adopted by the ieee in 1975. this is known as the ieee std . 488-1975 . the ieee-488 interface bus (hp-ib) or general purpose interface bus (gp-ib) was developed to provide a mea ns for various instruments and devices to communicate with each other under the direction of one or more maste r controllers. the hp-ib was originally intended to support a wide range of instruments and devices, from the very fast to the very slow. description: the h p-ib specification permits up to 15 devices to be connected together in any given setup, including th e controller if it is part of the system. a device may be capable of any other three types of functions: controller, listener, or talker. a device on the bus may have only one of the three functions active at a given time. a controller directs whic h devices will be talkers and listeners. the bus will allow multiple controllers, but only one may be active at a given time. eac h device on the bus should have a unique address in the range of 0-30. the maximum length of the bus network i s limited to 20 meters total transmi ssion path length. it is recommended that the bus be loaded with at least one instrument or device every 2 meter length of cable (4 meters is maximum). the use of gp-ib extenders may be used to exceed the maximum permitted length of 20 meters. electrical interface: the gp-ib is a bus to which many similar modules can be directly connected, as is shown in figure 1. a total of 16 wires are shown in the figure - eight data lines and ei ght control lines. the bus cables actually have 24 wires, providing eight additional for shielding and grounds.
management bus data bus dav nrfd ndac ifc atn srq ren eoi dio - 1 dio - 8 handshake bus gpib listner and / or talker gpib listner and / or talker gpib listner and / or talker gpib listner and / or talker 9-5.2 figure 2 . gp-ib instrumentation bus structure the gp-ib defi nes operation of a three-wire handshake that is used for all data transfers on the bus. the bu s operation is asynchronous in nature. the data-transfer rate of the gp-ib is 500 khz for standard applications and can go up 1 mhz if special conventions are followed. each transaction carries 8 bits, the maximum data bandwidth is on the order of 4 to 8 megabits (1 m byte) per second. the bus is a two way communications channel and data flows in both directions. figure 2 illustrates the structure of the gp-ib bus and identifies the 16 connections of the interconnecting cable. the cabling limitations make it a less-than-ideal choice for large separation between devices. these limitations can be overcome with bus extenders. those attempting to use bus extenders should be aware that few extenders are a s transparent as claimed. this is especially true in handling o f continuous data and interrupts. in nonextended environments, it provides an excellent means for high-speed computer control of multiple devices. the following table shows the various interface functions, the mnemonics and the descriptions. table 1. gp-ib interface functions interface function mnemonic description talker (extended talker) t (te) device must be able to transmit listener (extended listener) l (le) device must receive commands and data source handshake sh device must properly transfer a multiline message acceptor handshake ah device must properly receive remote multiline messages remote/local rl device must be able to operate from front panel and remote information from bus service request sr device can asynchronously request service from the controller parallel poll pp upon controller request, device must uniquely identify itself if it requires service device clear dc device can be initialized to a predetermined state device trigger dt a device function can be initiated by the talker on the bus controller c device can send addresses, universal commands, address commands, and conduct polls drivers e this code describes the type of electrical drivers in a device
9-5.3 the cabling specifications of the gp-ib interface system permit interconnecting all devices together in a star or linear configuration. the gp-ib connector is a 24-pin ribbon-type connector. in summary, table 2 on this page and the next shows the complete description of the gp-ib data bus. table 2. gp-ib data bus description ieee-488, gp-ib, hp-ib, or iec-625 descriptor 8-bit parallel, arbitration token passing: the connector 24-pin amphenol monodirectional, controller addresses female connector on equipment multi-master (token the next controller chassis. passing) srq service request dio1 1 ? ? 13 dio5 one controller, one when the controller dio2 2 ? ? 14 dio6 talker, several assigns modes dio3 3 ? ? 15 dio7 listeners dio4 4 ? ? 16 dio8 eoi 5 ? ? 17 ren dav 6 ? ? 18 gnd nrfd 7 ? ? 19 gnd ndac 8 ? ? 20 gnd ifc 9 ? ? 21 gnd srq 10 ? ? 22 gnd atn 11 ? ? 23 gnd shld 12 ? ? 24 gnd sponsor hewlett-packard error handling parity bit di07 when 7-bit acsii characters standard ieee 488, iec 625 bus length 15 m address space 31 devices driver special 24 ma drivers data format 8-bit parallel speed 1 mbyte/s transfer type write only, talker toward listener(s) or remarks the 488 is most commonly commander toward used for data acquisition of h-p all others peripherals. programmable interfaces and drivers exist and simplify the development of microprocessor interfaces. timing handshaken 3-wire references ieee computer broadcast transfer: society dav data valid ndac not data accepted nrfd not ready for data hp-il variation: since introduction of the ieee-488, technology produced a generation of medium-speed, low-power , instrumentation which had a need to operate in an automatic test system such as the gp-ib. the hp-il (hewlett-packard in terface loop), was introduced to meet this need. the hp-il is a low-cost, low-power alternative to the gp-ib system. the hp-il and gp-ib provide the same basic functions in interfacing controllers, instruments, and peripherals, but they differ in many other respects. hp-il is suitable for use in low-power, portable applications ( typically used for interface of battery-power syst ems ). the gp-ib is not practical to operate from battery power. the hp-il maximum data rate is 20k bytes per second. this is a high rate compared t o the rs-232c, but much slower than gp-ib. the hp-il can operate over distances of up t o 100 meters between any two devices. since it is a loop environment, there is no maximum system cable restriction. the basic device-addressing scheme allows for up to 30 devices on a loop.
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